А. А. Шевченко | Библиотека ELiS

Non-ideal epistemology and echo chambers

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 03/12/2025 - 23:38

Considering the phenomenon of epistemic echo chambers the paper analyses the features of closed knowledge communities, both their disadvantages and cognitive and social functions. Particular attention is paid to the attempts to treat their obvious flaws (such as isolation, dismissal of counter-arguments, prejudice) as advantages that, in certain cases, provide protection and access to information for marginalized communities. This change of focus implies a rejection of idealized normative understanding of epistemology.

On epistemic dependence

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Sat, 11/23/2024 - 18:38

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The article considers the thesis of epistemic dependence, which problematizes the current ideas about the nature of knowledge, its historical and methodological premises. It shows both undesirable consequences of its uncritical acceptance (such as a possible gap between knowledge and understanding) and the possibility of its interpretation in a more general social context, as a conflict of epistemic interests. It also highlights the need to consider this phenomenon in the analysis of collective knowledge and collective rationality.

Epistemic Rationality in Political Theory

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:19

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The paper presents a brief analysis of the procedural approach towards constructing liberal political conceptions of justice and democracy. Treatment of J. Rawls’s evolution shows the negative consequences of abandoning external substantive criteria for theory evaluation, including efficiency, justification, truth. It also offers justification for the “epistemic turn” in contemporary political theory.

On Normative Consequences of One Implication

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:19

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The paper treats the “ought implies can” principle as a normative dilemma in relation to epistemic and moral obligations. It shoes that the standard interpretation of this principle as a contraposition is not the only possible one or heuristically interesting. The author draws on the examples of obligations and actions of different types to show how it is possible to shift the focus from the modality of possibility to the modality of obligation. It allows to explain a number of actions not adequately described in traditional moral theory.

On Epistemic Justice

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:19

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The paper deals with the concept of epistemic justice and analyses two types of epistemic injustice - testimonial and hermeneutical. The latter is given priority due to the fact that any individual inteгaction involves an individual as а member of а certain social group or community. This requires а study into collective epistemic attitudes, first of all - collective prejudices which Ыосk epistemic resources required for understanding and discussing personal and collective experience. The paper also looks into two related topics - the proЬlem of expertise and the phenomenon of post-truth.

ABSTRACTIONS AND IDEALIZATIONS IN NORMATIVE MODELS

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The article explores the use of philosophical techniques of abstraction and idealization in the creation of normative theoretical models. It shows the difficulties related to distinguishing abstractions from idealizations in scientific research, as well as their common functional features, the main of which is the representation of the object under study in a form that would meet the goals and objectives of the researcher.

The false belief: its epistemic and normative characteristics

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The article considers lying as an epistemic attitude, analyzes its structural and substantive characteristics. In particular, it considers the pragmatic consequences of using false beliefs, primarily in scientific practice. It is shown that in a number of cases false epistemic attitudes can play a positive role, mainly as temporary hypothetical or counterfactual assumptions, as well as positive illusions. The paper also analyzes two alternative approaches towards false beliefs: “knowledge-first epistemology” of T.

Rationality and kinds of normative grounds

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The paper discusses problems related to possible gaps between the requirements of rationality and normativity. It shows that the analysis of a practical action from the point of view of instrumental rationality cannot be done without supplementing the context with the requirements of epistemic rationality. Only taking into account the demands of both types of rationality gives us hope to expect that the resulting rational grounds will have normative force. It is also shown that even this normative validity doesn’t always lead to the performance of the rational action.

«Social» in Social Epistemology

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The paper analyzes the main social contexts constituting social epistemology. It describes external socio-political contexts which define the framework and required procedures for open research, scientific consensus and epistemic justice. However, the article argues for special importance of internal social contexts – those of knowledge production in research groups.

Kinds of knowledge and epistemic reduction

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

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The article provides a brief analysis of the current debate on the two types of knowledge – knowledge-how and knowledge-that and discusses the possibility of reduction of the former to the latter. Two promising anti-reductionist strategies are highlighted. The first strategy uses the notion of “epistemic luck” to demonstrate that the epistemic characteristics of these two kinds of knowledge differ. The second strategy can be based on M.