Ольга Евгеньевна Мережко Analyzing the varieties of apple trees included in the assortment of the Orenburg region from various regions of our country, it can be noted that fruits of attractive appearance, large size, good taste and high yield are in the greatest demand. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to select varieties and introduce them as sustainable agrocenoses for the Orenburg region. The article presents the results of a study of 15 introduced apple varieties. Landing pattern is 3.0 × 5.0 m. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021. on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture. The purpose of the research was a comparative assessment of the biological complex of introduced apple varieties to create sustainable agrocenoses in the Orenburg region. When determining the complex by drought resistance (leaf water content, water deficit, water loss in leaves) of introduced apple varieties, the authors identified varieties with medium drought tolerance, such as Brusnichnoe, Mechtatel’nitsa, Spartak, Akaevskaya Krasavitsa, and Polina. It was revealed that the varieties Sverdlovchanin (27.4 t/ha), Spartak (28.8 t/ha), Simvol (28.4 t/ha) and Podarok oseni (27.8 t/ha) are characterized by high yield. According to the weight of the fruit, the varieties Spartak (139.7 g), BratChud (138.0 g), Simvol (135.6 g), and Bessemyanka Michurinskaya (133.4 g) stood out. Taking into account a set of indicators (drought resistance, yield, weight and number of fruits), the most promising introduced apple varieties can be identified to recommend as stable agrocenoses and starting material for breeding in the Orenburg region.
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