The sci-tech libraries (STL) are the key element of the infrastructure that supports research and synthesizes knowledge essential for the country’s technological development. The STL human resources make the critical factor of meeting the challenges of digital transformation and the strategy of technological sovereignty. The purpose of the study is to identify the systemic problems of STL human resources, to analyze the system of professional education, retraining and advanced training, the challenges of employee retention and status of the profession, and to suggest solution vectors based on Russian and foreign experience. Based on the data provided by “Statistika” system of the RF Ministry of Culture, RNSPLS&T monitoring of STLs and STI centers, studies by Tomsk State University, All-Russian survey “Young employees in Russian libraries” by the Russian State Library for Young Adults, RF Labor Ministry (Rosstat, employment of graduates), All-Russian Employers Survey (“Jobs in Russia” Single Digital Platform), regional studies (Chelyabinsk, Perm, and Kemerovo regions, Republic of Sakha – Yakutia, Khabarovsk region), and analysis of international practices (IFLA) and CIS countries, the author concludes on the staffing crises in the libraries, on the whole, and STLs, in particular, i.e. prevailing senior-age employees, deficiency of specialized education, and low involvement in advanced professional training. The author reveals the need for specialists with traditional library competences combined with digital competences, knowledge of data analytics, project management, and soft skills. The key research and methodological centers of professional education are identified, i.e. Moscow State Institute of Culture, St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture, Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, developing the models of training STL staff, advanced training curricula, and prospective centers.