Г. И. Пронина The scope of application of embryonic and fetal stem cells (SCs) is limited due to their multidirectional differentiation in the recipient’s organism and possible formation of teratomas and tera-tocarcinomas, as well as due to some ethical reasons. Therefore, adult stem cells (postnatal SCs) are more widely used. These cells are divided into hematopoietic, mesenchymal stromal, and tissue-specific progenitor cells-precursors. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to colonize and provide long-term self-support. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells are the precursors of a number of tissues and have a wide range of possible applications in regenerative medicine. Tissue-specific progenitor cells replace dead cells in the body and are responsible for tissue renewal. Hematopoietic stem cells are used for transplantation and specialized care for patients with various primary and recurrent cancer, hematological, immunological and other diseases. The most effective method is autogenous transplantation, since the risk of transplant rejection is minimal. At present, the allotransplantation of SCs is widely used. However, it requires special training of the recipient and compatibility with the donor. Xenogenic stem cell transplantation is a promising but the least developed treatment method. This is due to the differences in the genotype and the fact that donor cells are not embedded in the recipient’s body. It is shown that xenotransplantation of mammalian stem and progenitor cells to lower-vertebrate and invertebrate poikilothermic hydrobionts with artificially induced pathology leads to the regeneration and restoration of damaged organs. The stem cells of donor mice introduced into the organism of mature crayfish and axolotls stimulate the reproductive activity of recipients. Aquatic organisms can be potential sources of stem cells. The research results reveal the prospects of using stem cells in medical and veterinary practice.
Научная статья 
stimulation of reproductive activity