The paper deals with the problems of philosophy of management in the modem world of uncertainty and risk. The author believes that acquaintance with the basics of management increases the competitiveness of graduates of philosophical faculties in the labor market. The paper focuses on the existence of objective uncertainty and the methodological significance of this factor. The ability to quantify the probability of the realization of possible events makes it possible to conceptually distinguish between situations of risk and situations of uncertainty. Risk is a consequence of the decision, and its assessment is subjective. Risk and uncertainty are the most important factors of modern management, while rationality and risk are not antipodes, and decision-making under risk conditions involves a conscious and rational choice. We emphasize that in modern social science there is a transformation of scientific rationality, and core to the conclusion that today the foundations for a rational approach to decision-making are risk assessment and risk management.