рациональность | Библиотека ELiS

Challenges of Uncertainty and the Risk of Rare Events

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Mon, 10/13/2025 - 21:38

The paper outlines the methodological framework in which the attitude to uncertainty and risk is rational and allows, under conditions, to make prudent decisions aimed at achieving goals. The fundamental difference between the conditions of uncertainty and risk is shown. An interdisciplinary definition of risk is proposed that is not associated with any science or group of sciences. The definition is based on the idea that risk is a consequence of decisions made by a person based on his goals, assessments, and value system.

Epistemology of prejudice and stereotypes

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Mon, 10/13/2025 - 21:38

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The article continues the exploration of “non-ideal” epistemology by focusing on collective epistemic attitudes such as prejudice and stereotypes. These attitudes are examined in terms of their epistemic status, distinct from moral evaluation. The article challenges the view of prejudices and stereotypes as inherentlyfalse by analyzing their functions of cognitive economy and social legitimation, first noted by W. Lippmann.

Meta-justification, and necessity to reflect objective reality. Book Review: BonJour L. The Structure of Empirical Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985. (Chapters 7–8)

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 03/12/2025 - 23:38

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Coherentism is the only proper account of justification of empirical knowledge. The final representation of Lawrence Bonjour’s coherentist conception of justification includes such theses as: (a) Justification is a function of coherence and depends on the fact that the system of beliefs is not only coherent at the moment, but remains coherent over a sufficiently long period of time, facing continuous input to its content due to the influence of reality.

Objective probabilities and subjective risks

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Sat, 11/23/2024 - 18:38

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The article shows, using elementary examples, that risk assessment depends both on the probability of future events and on their results. Various approaches to the integration of probabilities and numerical estimates of possible outcomes are shown and analyzed. The subjective nature of risk is substantiated. An interdisciplinary definition of risk is proposed, not associated with any science or group of sciences. The definition is based on the idea that risk is a consequence of decisions made by the subject, who evaluates their consequences.

On Normative Consequences of One Implication

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:19

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The paper treats the “ought implies can” principle as a normative dilemma in relation to epistemic and moral obligations. It shoes that the standard interpretation of this principle as a contraposition is not the only possible one or heuristically interesting. The author draws on the examples of obligations and actions of different types to show how it is possible to shift the focus from the modality of possibility to the modality of obligation. It allows to explain a number of actions not adequately described in traditional moral theory.

Philosophical Aspects of the Russian Model of Management

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The problem of the formation of the Russian model of management is interdisciplinary; it requires a whole range of approaches developed in various branches of knowledge. The philosophy of management is intended to serve as a common conceptual and interdisciplinary foundation that provides a holistic perception and understanding of management. It allows to view this phenomenon as a unity of science, practice and art. Among the axiological problems of the philosophy of management, the problems of organizational culture take center stage.

LOGIC, ETHICS, AND RATIONALITY

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The article offers the thesis that moral theories and practice should satisfy the minimal logical requirement of consistency. Since logic is often considered the main criterion of rationality, the theoretical foundations of various interpretations of ethics can be considered rational in this respect.

Philosophy of Management in a World of Uncertainty and Risk

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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The paper deals with the problems of philosophy of management in the modem world of uncertainty and risk. The author believes that acquaintance with the basics of management increases the competitiveness of graduates of philosophical faculties in the labor market. The paper focuses on the existence of objective uncertainty and the methodological significance of this factor. The ability to quantify the probability of the realization of possible events makes it possible to conceptually distinguish between situations of risk and situations of uncertainty.

Uncertainty, risk and decision-making in an interdisciplinary context

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

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The article reflects the author’s methodological position that the phenomena of uncertainty and risk are considered within the context of decision-making problems. It is shown that the ability to quantify the probability of the occurrence of possible events makes it possible to fundamentally distinguish between risk situations and situations of uncertainty. Risk is the result of a decision and is always associated with a person who not only makes a choice, but also estimates the probabilities of possible outcomes and related losses.

RATIONALITY, LOGIC, AND THE THEORY OF ARGUMENTATION

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

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The theory of argumentation is supposed to be connected to rationality. Traditionally, rationality was defined in terms of logic, and at the same time considered as an essential part of the theory of argumentation. Thus argumentation acquired the property of rationality, while the rhetorical component ensured the success of communication. However, the possibilities of different logics and the existence of practical rationality assume a different order of categories by their generality: rationality, argumentation, logic.