rationality | Библиотека ELiS

On Normative Consequences of One Implication

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:19

The paper treats the “ought implies can” principle as a normative dilemma in relation to epistemic and moral obligations. It shoes that the standard interpretation of this principle as a contraposition is not the only possible one or heuristically interesting. The author draws on the examples of obligations and actions of different types to show how it is possible to shift the focus from the modality of possibility to the modality of obligation. It allows to explain a number of actions not adequately described in traditional moral theory.

Philosophical Aspects of the Russian Model of Management

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

The problem of the formation of the Russian model of management is interdisciplinary; it requires a whole range of approaches developed in various branches of knowledge. The philosophy of management is intended to serve as a common conceptual and interdisciplinary foundation that provides a holistic perception and understanding of management. It allows to view this phenomenon as a unity of science, practice and art. Among the axiological problems of the philosophy of management, the problems of organizational culture take center stage.

LOGIC, ETHICS, AND RATIONALITY

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

The article offers the thesis that moral theories and practice should satisfy the minimal logical requirement of consistency. Since logic is often considered the main criterion of rationality, the theoretical foundations of various interpretations of ethics can be considered rational in this respect.

Philosophy of Management in a World of Uncertainty and Risk

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

The paper deals with the problems of philosophy of management in the modem world of uncertainty and risk. The author believes that acquaintance with the basics of management increases the competitiveness of graduates of philosophical faculties in the labor market. The paper focuses on the existence of objective uncertainty and the methodological significance of this factor. The ability to quantify the probability of the realization of possible events makes it possible to conceptually distinguish between situations of risk and situations of uncertainty.

Uncertainty, risk and decision-making in an interdisciplinary context

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

The article reflects the author’s methodological position that the phenomena of uncertainty and risk are considered within the context of decision-making problems. It is shown that the ability to quantify the probability of the occurrence of possible events makes it possible to fundamentally distinguish between risk situations and situations of uncertainty. Risk is the result of a decision and is always associated with a person who not only makes a choice, but also estimates the probabilities of possible outcomes and related losses.

RATIONALITY, LOGIC, AND THE THEORY OF ARGUMENTATION

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

The theory of argumentation is supposed to be connected to rationality. Traditionally, rationality was defined in terms of logic, and at the same time considered as an essential part of the theory of argumentation. Thus argumentation acquired the property of rationality, while the rhetorical component ensured the success of communication. However, the possibilities of different logics and the existence of practical rationality assume a different order of categories by their generality: rationality, argumentation, logic.

Epistemic paternalism and akrasia

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

Epistemic paternalism is usually understood as interference in the inquiry of another person without their consent, but for their own good. The epistemic good is often treated in the tradition of “veritism” which means the pursuit of truth. The article argues that one of the options for justifying epistemic paternalism can be epistemic akrasia, that manifests itself either in the acceptance of opposing views, or the inability to draw conclusions from already accepted premises, or the refusal to adhere to higher-order epistemic attitudes.

PRACTICAL NORMATIVITY: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REASONS

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

The paper considers the connection between normative statements and rational grounds (reasons) for action. It analyzes the nature of practical syllogism and its role in conceptions of practical rationality. The paper also brings to light the difficulties related to differentiating between normative and explanatory reasons and offers ways of bridging the gap between individual rationality and normativity

Methodological Foundations of Risk Analysis, Assessmentand Management

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

The paper aims to represent the author’s methodological position that risk is a consequence of the decisions made by the person and is always associated with the person who not only makes a choice, but also evaluates the probabilities of possible events and associated losses. Taking a risk, the person chooses an alternative that is the result of her decision, although the possible results are not exactly known to her. The key to managing risk is the issue of measuring it. The law of large numbers by J. Bernoulli and related methodological and philosophical issues are considered.