метафизика | Библиотека ELiS

The “Turn” in Martin Heidegger’s Teachings on Truth

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

The article offers an analysis of the “turn” in Martin Heidegger’s teachings about the truth. The concept of truth of the German thinker before and after the “turn” is revealed and the specifics of its transformation are explained. Criticizing the traditional understanding of truth in his early works, Heidegger connects his concept of truth with the reinterpretation of the ancient Greek ἀλήθειαas unconcealedness.

The Formation of Chance as a Metaphysical Category in the Teachings of Early Greek Philosophers Heraclitus and Democritus

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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Interest in chance, as a special ontological category, arises with the development of philosophy and science. The history of philosophy has several interpretations of this category: from the complete denial of its existence, to the proclamation of a special type of relationship. In our opinion, chance, despite the diversity of interpretations, has always been an important factor for the implementation of a method designed to determine how tightly philosophy and science can interact.

Rational Reasons, Counterfactual Statements and “Impossible Worlds” in the Philosophical Justifications of Thought Experiments

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Thu, 09/05/2024 - 00:08

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In his theory of natural laws David Lewis rejects the authenticity of impossible worlds on the grounds that the contradiction contained within his modifier "in (the world) w" is tantamount to a contradiction in the whole theory, which seems unacceptable. At the same time, in philosophical discourse very often researchers use counterfactual situations and thought experiments with impossible events and objects. There is a need to apply the theory of worlds to genuine, concrete, but impossible worlds.

ARISTOTLE’S ETHICS AS FIRST PHILOSOPHY

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Wed, 09/04/2024 - 23:54

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The paper is devoted to the problem of the correlation between Aristotle’s ethics and metaphysics. The author raises the following question: could Aristotle’s ethics be the first philosophy? First, the article reveals the reasons and grounds according to which the «first philosophy» is the first. Then the concept of ethics as the first philosophy is exposed through the philosophy of E. Levinas. According to this view, ethics is a lens through which all other philosophical questions must be considered, and therefore it is the first.