О. А. Савоськина The article presents the results of phytosanitary monitoring of weed infestation in spring wheat crops. The studies were carried out under production conditions in the Oryol Region in 2020 and 2022. The aim of the study was to investigate the species structure and dynamics of weed infestation in spring wheat crops under conservation tillage technologies in the Oryol Region, as well as to evaluate the biological efficiency of the tank mixture of herbicides Ballerina Super, SE (0.5 L/ha) + Lastic Extra, EC (0.8 L/ha). Weed counts were carried out using the instrumental (quantitative-species) method at three time points: before herbicide application, 30 days after chemical weeding, and before crop harvest. It was established that the use of conservation tillage technologies with the abandonment of moldboard plowing contributes to increased weed infestation and higher phytosanitary pressure on the crop. During the critical period of spring wheat development (tillering stage), weed density reached 79 plants/m², significantly exceeding the economic threshold of harmfulness. The weed component structure included 16 species belonging to nine botanical families. Compositae (Asteraceae) representatives accounted for the largest proportion (35%), with Matricaria inodora L. and Erigeron canadensis L. predominating. By botanical class, dicotyledonous weeds dominated (73%), and by life cycle, annual species prevailed (82%). Based on the phytosanitary monitoring data, the chemical crop protection system was adjusted using the tank mixture of herbicides Ballerina Super, SE (0.5 L/ha) + Lastic Extra, EC (0.8 L/ha). The biological efficiency of the chemical weeding was 92.7%. The yield of spring wheat on the treated plots reached 4.14 t/ha. It was shown that weed infestation dynamics are determined not only by the tillage system but also by weather conditions, which contribute to the wavelike emergence of new weed seedlings throughout the growing season.
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