The author discusses the findings of the survey of scientific studies and research at the regional central libraries. The survey was held by the National Library of Russia under the government order of the RF Ministry of Culture. The purpose is to identify the organizational forms of scientific flows and their key vectors for further elaboration and adjusting measures to update the organizational mechanisms and increase efficiency of research work of the libraries. Russia’s national libraries (National Library of Russia, Russian State Library, B. Yeltsin’s Presidential Library), as well as the federal libraries subordinate to the RF Ministry of Culture are engaged in research activities. Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology (RNPLS&T) and academic libraries. e. g. State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, Library of the Academy of Sciences, and RAS Library for Natural Sciences, contribute to this work, too. The scientific workflow of RF regional central libraries is still underestimated while these libraries act as research, methodological and coordination centers and constitute the strategic factors for the network of Russia’s public libraries. To assess research activities and to facilitate the use of the research findings, the National Library of Russia conducted the survey to identify the key organizational forms and vectors of research activities of the libraries based on the responses of research administrators of the RF central regional libraries. The author discusses the approaches to study scientific workflows applied in the recent decades and the libraries’ scientific and methodological goals as provided by the “Strategy for Librarianship Development in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”. The survey findings evidence on the significant scientific potential and contribution of the RF regional central libraries to the sector development and actualization of cultural heritage, as well as on the need for the support of and methodological guidelines for scientific workflows of regional central libraries to be provided by the federal methodological centers.