The study of the conditions for the development of a modern scientific library, which enters into an active dialogue with other subjects of the spatio-temporal environment, seems today to be actual. The purpose of the article is to examine the place and system of interaction of scientific libraries with the components of such complex phenomena as the infosphere and the formation of the common space of scientific knowledge in the modern mental field. An attempt has been made to describe these phenomena in a certain totality and integrity, to consider the features of the development of functions and practices of scientific libraries during the period of active introduction of computer technologies into library activities, their connection with the scientific and educational space. The material of the article bases on the systematic approach and analysis of publications devoted to the development of information infrastructure and a set of concepts reflecting the dynamics of definitions of such phenomena as the infosphere, its connections with the sociosphere and technosphere, and a common space of scientific knowledge. Scientific libraries evolution is largely related to the technology of reproducing texts, data and methods of their organization, therefore monitoring the document-producing environment and analyzing the completeness and availability of open and licensed sources of scientific information is one of new library communication functions in the changing information structure. The modern library is intensifying its activities, focusing on communications between individual and group needs, which are changing depending on the transformation of research and value priorities of users.