The article examines the ontological status of reasons for action. There are two positions: the reasons for actions (desires and beliefs) are construed either as states or dispositions, or as events. Anticausalists believe that reasons for actions are states and therefore they cannot be causes of actions, since causation is possible only between events. D.
The article is devoted to the comparison of the social ontology of John Searle with the social theory of Emile Durkheim. It was shown that the approaches of Searle and Durkheim have a number of similar features. These common features are the rejection of reductionism of the collective to the individual, attention to language as one of the most important conditions of the emergence of social reality, the recognition of unawareness and automatism in accepting the rules of social interaction by its participants.
The paper is devoted to the problem of the appropriateness of using the notion «public opinion» in connection with the Greek society and possibility of the ancient theater to affect on the public opinion. After examination of the notion «public opinion», the author concludes that the structuring elements of public opinion are a common source of information and a common field of communication. In that sense public opinion do not correspond with the Greek notion «opinion of the many».
Russian scientific schools, as special phenomenon, which formation is a consequence of the cultural and historical development of country, cannot develop in isolation: close interaction between researchers of all levels and ages is necessary. In the conditions of the development of the information society and the emerging knowledge society, not only the involvement of young people in science, but also the interpersonal interaction of young scientists who are representatives of various scientific schools and professional communities is of particular relevance.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the pedagogical content of Seneca’s tragedy. The article provides a solution for the problem, which is contained in the controversy - on the one hand, Seneca as other Stoics believes that the passions negatively affect the soul of human being, on the other hand, his tragedies portray plots overrun with passions involving murder, perfidy, betrayal and other crimes.
The article outlines ways to determine the theoretical preconditions for the formation of phenomenological philosophy and provides some examples of the practical application of the phenomenological method in current social and human studies. The specificity of the approach implemented in the article is that the authors deliberately refuse to consider the primary sources of phenomenology (Kant, Brentano, etc.) and turn to the primary sources of this doctrine in ancient philosophy.
In the context of the digitalization of society, the possibilities for interdisciplinary interaction and exchange of experience between representatives of various scientific fields and schools are significantly expanding.
The paper is devoted to the problem of the correlation between Aristotle’s ethics and metaphysics. The author raises the following question: could Aristotle’s ethics be the first philosophy? First, the article reveals the reasons and grounds according to which the «first philosophy» is the first. Then the concept of ethics as the first philosophy is exposed through the philosophy of E. Levinas. According to this view, ethics is a lens through which all other philosophical questions must be considered, and therefore it is the first.