Development of state support mechanisms for agricultural land users under conditions of economic instability

И. Ю. Машуков

Submitted by Гость (not verified) on Fri, 07/31/2026 - 18:08

The article presents the results of a study on the evolution of state support mechanisms for agricultural land users under conditions of economic instability in 2020–2026. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fundamental transformation of the agricultural policy of the Russian Federation, associated with the adoption of the new version of the Food Security Doctrine (Presidential Decree No. 20 of January 21, 2020) and the unprecedented sanctions pressure of 2022–2025, which caused a disparity in prices for material and technical resources (a 40–60% increase in fertilizer and agricultural machinery prices), disruption of logistics chains, and the need for accelerated import substitution in critical areas (seeds, veterinary drugs). The aim of the study is to trace the evolution of approaches to state support for land users, identify doctrinal gaps between existing mechanisms and the objective needs of the agricultural sector, propose an author’s periodization, and formulate specific legislative amendments. The methodological framework is based on formal-legal, comparative-legal, economic-statistical, and systemic methods. Based on the analysis of statistical data from Rosstat, program documents of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, and regional practices, the transformation of approaches has been identified: from compensatory subsidies to investment-oriented instruments with mandatory agroclimatic zoning. The necessity of agroclimatic zoning as a legally significant factor for subsidy differentiation is substantiated, since the difference in production costs between favorable and depressed zones reaches 2.5–3 times. The author’s concept of “efficiency of state support for land use” in the context of economic instability is formulated. The author’s periodization of the development of the support institution is proposed: compensatory (2013–2020), transitional (2021–2023), and zonally differentiated (2024–2026) periods with the introduction of increasing coefficients of up to 2.0 for depressed zones. Specific legislative proposals have been developed: enshrining the concept of “agroclimatic zone” in Federal Law No. 264-FZ and the mandatory application of zonal coefficients; concluding agreements on achieving a minimum yield increase (at least 3% per year) for depressed zones; supplementing the Food Security Doctrine with an indicator of subsidy payback.

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