А. Х. Занилов A comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of soil bioactivation was conducted in the Steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic to determine the potential for enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer systems in organic farming and compare them with conventional systems. Agronomically valuable microorganisms, incorporated into commercial biopreparations such as Rhizoplan, Azolen, Ultrex, and Mycotop, were used as bioactivation agents. The experiment was established on a long-term observation plot, part of the Geoset No. 082. A comparative assessment of the conventional fertilizer system (N 63 P 42 K 32 ) and the organic system without mineral fertilizer application was performed based on economic indicators and carbon balance, the latter serving as a measure of climatic well-being. Organic fertilizers utilized included manure, green manures (winter rape-seed), winter wheat straw, and their combinations. Treatments involving soil bioactivation were designated by the letter “a”. Data analysis revealed that the complete abandonment of mineral fertilizers without any organic fertilizers (control treatment) does not meet the criteria for effective farming. Compared to the conventional fertilizer system, this control treatment showed a yield reduction of 0.95 t/ha, a negative economic efficiency (–3015 RUB/ha), and a decrease in the CO 2 -eq footprint within the agroecosystem by 0.42 t/ha. The use of single organic fertilizers resulted in increased winter wheat yields and comparable economic indicators. Maximum efficiency was achieved when combining all investigated organic fertilizers with soil bioactivation. This particular treatment, compared to the mineral fertilization option, led to a yield increase of 0.24 t/ha, and an enhancement in economic and climatic effects by 6945 RUB/ha and 23.5 t CO 2 -eq, respectively.
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