The authors have attempted to comprehend the ecological component of book culture, its importance for social development and evolution of human needs. This problem updating is closely connected with the modern state of book culture, characterized by minimization of state management, absolutist commercial approach, appearance of the great amount of players on the book market, multiformity of book products and modes of their advancement, transformation and re-estimation of activities of institutes of reading infrastructure, etc. It demands, according to our viewpoint, re-comprehension of the book culture state, inclusion of ecological criteria into its functioning, which presupposes, most of all, social attention to its various manifestations due to their correspondence to humanist values and national interests. The aim of the article is to reveal and justify the “book culture ecology” concept. The formation of ideas about this concept was carried out in the context of the paradigm of cultural ecology through clarification of its content and main vector directions. The article justifies the importance of book culture and considers different approaches to its treatment. It is shown that the eco-cultural aspects of book culture are an organic embodiment of its static and dynamic characteristics. In the progress of the study, the authors used terminological and operational analysis as well as structuralfunctional approach. Eco-cultural approach to different phenomena of book culture defines ethical norms of functioning of book-publishing industry different actors, determines their most important for the society principles of activity. Moreover, the study has defined difficulties of developing book culture ecological compatibility criteria. The result of the analysis has manifested itself in the generalized definition of the concept under study.