О. Н. Курдюкова The results of long-term field experiments on two types of soils (chernozem and kastanozems) are presented. The indicators of average seed productivity of more than 50 species of weeds growing in these soils are presented. The duration of the viability of seeds planted in a 0–30 cm soil layer, the quality of seeds during their layer-by-layer placement in the soil, on its surface and during storage in a dry warehouse is indicated. It was revealed that early spring and wintering weeds in chernozem soils had the highest seed productivity (more than 50 thousand seeds per plant). It was established that these seeds remained viable in the soil from 3 to 6 years (23 species), more than 6 years (20 species), and less than 3 years (only 3 species). In kastanozems soils, the seed productivity of most weeds decreased by 11–26% compared to chernozems. The loss of seed viability occurred more intensively in kastanozems soils than in chernozem soils. It was established that the lowest viability of seeds on both types of soils was observed during their long-term stay on the soil surface: after 5 years it did not exceed 12–15%, and after 10 years – 2–3%, while in the 0–10 cm layer of chernozem soils, it reached 36 and 18%, respectively, and in kastanozems soils it decreased more strongly and did not exceed 26 and 10%. In the lower soil layers, 10–20 and 20–30 cm, higher viability of weed seeds remained in kastanozems soils.
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