The paper briefly discusses the situation with private farm enterprises in Russia over the period of the development of a mixed farm economy and its transition to market relations after 1990. The author considers conditions and difficulties of the farm enterprise activities for the period prior to the 2006 census and between the 2006 and 2016 agricultural censuses. The size, composition and dynamics of the resources of personal subsidiary and other private farms as well as non-profit associations established during this period are assessed in detail. On the basis of classifying private farms as to thier operation purposes the author evaluates the influence offactors on the development ofprivate farm enterprises and increasing their profitability, and also provides methodological recommendations for an economic and statistical analysis of farms according to the census results at different levels of management and personnel training.