The article presents a little explored issue in the Russian historiography on the history of appearance and the essence of «the cipher catalog of Chinese books of the Oriental Institute Library» in Vladivostok. The author shows the process of formting the Chinese Department of the University Library in the late XIX – early XX centuries, the contribution of Sinologists professors A. V. Rudakov and P. P. Schmidt and others in the book collection creation. The theme is disclosed on the basis of reports published in the «Proceedings of the Institute of Oriental Studies», «Reference books on Oriental Institute in Vladivostok for 1909», and the documents of the central and local archives of the Russian Federation, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The importance of the bookcatalogue of the China Department is shown both for the Institute, China studying, and Chinese language teaching, for Far Eastern sinologists and Russian Sinology.